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Nancy Mace

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Nancy Mace
Official portrait, 2020
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st district
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2021
Preceded byJoe Cunningham
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives
from the 99th district
In office
January 23, 2018 – November 8, 2020
Preceded byJames Merrill
Succeeded byMark Smith
Personal details
Born
Nancy Ruth Mace

(1977-12-04) December 4, 1977 (age 46)
Fort Bragg, North Carolina, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Chris Niemiec
​
​
(m. 1999; div. 2002)​

Curtis Jackson
​
​
(m. 2004; div. 2019)​
Children2
EducationThe Citadel (BS)
University of Georgia (MS)
WebsiteHouse website

Nancy Ruth Mace (born December 4, 1977) is an American politician who has been the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 1st congressional district since 2021. She is a member of the Republican Party.

In 1999, Mace became the first woman to graduate from the Corps of Cadets program at The Citadel. From 2018 to 2020, she represented the 99th district in the South Carolina House of Representatives, covering Hanahan, northeast Mount Pleasant, and Daniel Island. In 2020, Mace was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, becoming the first Republican woman elected to Congress from South Carolina.[1]

Mace worked for Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign,[2] but strongly condemned his actions surrounding the January 6 U.S. Capitol attack. Mace asserted that Trump's legacy had been "wiped out" and that he should be held "accountable" for his actions. However, she ultimately voted against impeaching him,[3][4] and in 2024 endorsed him in the Republican presidential primary.

Early life, education, and career

Mace was born at Fort Liberty, North Carolina, to United States Army 1-star general James Emory Mace and schoolteacher Anne Mace.[5][6][7] In 1999, Mace became the first woman to graduate from The Citadel's Corps of Cadets program,[7] receiving a degree in business administration.[8] Mace wrote In the Company of Men: A Woman at The Citadel (Simon & Schuster, 2001) about the experience.

Mace went on to earn a master's degree in journalism and mass communication from the Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Georgia.[9]

In 2008, Mace started a public relations and consulting firm called The Mace Group.[10][11]

Mace became co-owner of the website FITSNews, which she began working for in 2007, but sold her stake in 2013. The site covers South Carolina politics and current events.[12][13]

Early political career

Mace during her campaign for the U.S. Senate for South Carolina in 2013

In 2012, Mace volunteered for the campaign of presidential candidate Ron Paul.[14][15][16]

In August 2013, Mace announced her candidacy in the 2014 election for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate in South Carolina.[17][18][19] She received 19,560 votes (6.2% of the vote) in the primary election on June 10, 2014, behind Lindsey Graham (56.4%), Lee Bright (15.4%), Richard Cash (8.3%), and Det Bowers (7.3%).[20][21]

Mace supported Donald Trump for president in 2016 as a coalitions director and field director for the campaign.[22]

South Carolina House of Representatives

Elections

2017 special

On September 18, 2017, Mace filed as a Republican to run in a special election for the South Carolina State House District 99 seat being vacated by Jimmy Merrill, who resigned earlier that month after an indictment and plea deal for several ethics violations.[23] She received 49.5% of the vote in the November 14 Republican primary, 13 votes short of winning the nomination outright. She defeated the second-place finisher, Mount Pleasant town councilman Mark Smith, in the November 28 runoff, 63–37%.

Mace defeated Democrat Cindy Boatwright in the January 16, 2018, general election, 2,066 votes to 1,587 (57–43%).[24] She took office on January 23, 2018.

2018

Mace defeated the Democratic nominee, Mount Pleasant resident Jen Gibson, in the November 6, 2018 general election.[25]

Tenure

In 2019, Mace successfully advocated for the inclusion of exceptions for rape and incest in a bill for a six-week abortion ban that passed the South Carolina state house. In a speech on the state house floor, Mace revealed that she had been raped at age 16. She has said she opposes abortion but does not believe the government has the right to deny the procedure to a victim of rape or incest.[26]

Mace co-sponsored a bill to oppose offshore drilling off South Carolina's coast.[27] She opposed President Donald Trump's plan to offer oil drilling leases off South Carolina beaches.[28]

The Conservation Voters of South Carolina gave Mace a 100% Lifetime rating for her voting record against offshore drilling and seismic testing.[29][30] The South Carolina Club for Growth gave Mace its 2019 Tax Payer Hero Award.[31][32]

In May 2020, Governor Henry McMaster signed Mace's prison reform bill, which ends the shackling of pregnant women in prison, into law.[33][34]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2020

See also: 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 1

In June 2019, Mace announced that she would seek the Republican nomination for South Carolina's 1st congressional district, centered in Charleston, and at the time represented by Democrat Joe Cunningham. Cunningham won the seat in 2018 in a surprise victory, winning a district Trump had carried by 13 percentage points two years earlier. Mace faced Mount Pleasant City Councilwoman Kathy Landing and Bikers for Trump founder Chris Cox in the June 9 Republican primary. During her primary campaign, she ran an advertisement stating she would "help President Trump take care of our veterans", and in which Vice President Mike Pence called her "an extraordinary American with an extraordinary lifetime of accomplishments—past, present and future."[35] She won the primary with 57.5% of the vote.[36]

Mace focused her campaign on banning offshore drilling off South Carolina's coast and restoring South Carolina's low country's economy.[1]

In the November general election, Mace defeated Cunningham. She assumed office on January 3, 2021.[37]

2022

See also: 2022 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina § District 1

Mace did not vote to impeach President Trump, but she criticized him for his role in the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. As a consequence, Trump endorsed former South Carolina representative Katie Arrington in the 2022 Republican primary for Mace's congressional seat. Mace defeated Arrington.[38]

In the November general election, Mace defeated Democratic nominee Annie Andrews by 14 percentage points.[39]

Tenure

Mace was one of seven Republicans who publicly refused to support their colleagues' efforts to challenge the results of the 2020 presidential election on January 6, 2021. These seven signed a letter that, while giving credence to Trump's allegations of electoral fraud, said Congress did not have the authority to influence the election's outcome.[40] Mace was so concerned by the hostile atmosphere Trump was generating in the District of Columbia that she sent her children home to South Carolina before the congressional vote to accept the Electoral College votes.[41]

After the 2021 United States Capitol attack, Mace pleaded with Trump to condemn it. While locked down in her Capitol office she told CBS News' Red & Blue host Elaine Quijano, "I'm begging the president to get off Twitter."[42] Ultimately Mace voted against impeaching Trump, however, stating that due process had not been properly followed.[4] She would later come to Trump's defense after he was indicted for mishandling classified documents.[43]

Mace, along with all other Senate and House Republicans, voted against the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021.[44]

On May 18, 2021, Mace joined 61 other House Republicans to vote against the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act, which condemned acts of hate against Asian-Americans and streamlined data collection and reporting about such occurrences. The bill previously passed the U.S. Senate on a 94–1 vote.[45][46][47] Mace said she opposed the bill because it did not address discrimination against Asian-Americans in higher education.[48]

In November 2021, Mace criticized fellow Republican Congresswoman Lauren Boebert for her anti-Muslim comments about Democrat Ilhan Omar.[49]

On October 2, 2023, the House of Representatives passed a cybersecurity bill titled the MACE Act, intended to modernize federal cybersecurity job requirements. The bill was introduced by Mace and would be the last bill passed under Speaker Kevin McCarthy. Mace's legislative staff named the bill after her as a joke about Mace's ego.[50][51]

On October 3, 2023, Mace voted in favor of removing McCarthy, a fellow Republican, from his position as speaker of the House.[52][53][54] According to Mace, "McCarthy did not follow through on pushing her legislation to address the country’s rape-kit backlog, expand access to birth control, adopt a balanced budget amendment and create an alert system that would notify people when there is a mass shooting". McCarthy, who had been a strong ally of Mace's, denied her claims.[55]

During a January 2024 hearing, Mace called Hunter Biden "the epitome of White privilege."[56]

In April 2024, Mace introduced the Preventing Animal Abuse and Waste Act (i.e. the PAAW Act). The bill "prevents the National Institute of Health (NIH) from conducting or supporting any research that causes significant pain and distress to dogs and cats." It also "requires reports to Congress by the NIH and Government Accountability Office detailing NIH-funded dog and cat experiments, their cost and assessments of NIH efforts to phase them out."[57]

In 2024, Mace endorsed Trump in the 2024 Republican primaries over Nikki Haley, who supported Mace in the 2022 primary.[58]

Former staff and focus on media attention

Many former Congressional staffers for Mace have described her approach to her office as focused on gaining media attention. Her staffers have attributed many of her political actions, such as her vote against McCarthy, to a desire to make headlines and appear on TV programs. Staffers recalled her attempting to attract attention to herself during the January 6 Capitol attack by risking her own safety and seeking to be assaulted by rioters. Legislative staffers for Mace described her efforts to attract media attention as hampering her legislative agenda and working relationships with other members of Congress.[50][59]

An internal staff handbook written by Mace showcased an unusual focus on public image and media attention, with strenuous expectations for communications staff. Mace's handbook required communications staffers to book her on national TV outlets at least 1-3 times a day, and on local TV channels at least 6 times per week. The handbook was conspicuously more detailed in its descriptions for communications staff compared to legislative and constituent focused staff positions. Mace's office experienced high levels of turnover, including a complete turnover of all staff between November 2023 and February 2024.[50][60]

Redistricting

South Carolina redrew its congressional map after the 2020 census showed significant population changes between districts. A three-judge federal panel ruled in 2023 that Mace's congressional District 1 was redrawn in a "stark racial gerrymander" intended to suppress the power of Black voters.[61] The redistricting moved 62% of Black Charleston County voters (a total of 30,000) from Mace's District 1 to District 6, represented by Jim Clyburn, a Black Democrat who has held the seat for 30 years, and moved inland white voters into Mace's District 1.[62]

The NAACP challenged the map, but after hearing oral arguments in October 2023,[62] the Supreme Court reversed the lower court's ruling in a 6-3 decision in May 2024, finding that the legislature's redistricting decisions were driven by partisan goals, specifically to increase District 1's Republican vote share, rather than by race.[63] The Court emphasized that while race and partisan preference are highly correlated in South Carolina, the use of political data for partisan aims is not constitutionally prohibited even if it results in racial disparities. The Court also noted that the plaintiff's decision not to provide an alternative map was an "implicit concession" that it could not draw one that would prove racial discrimination while achieving the same partisan outcome. The dissenting justices argued that the majority's approach would make it significantly harder to challenge racial gerrymandering in the future.[64] In response to the ruling, Mace stated, "It reaffirms everything everyone in South Carolina already knows, which is that the line wasn't based on race."[64]

Congressional oversight

Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP)

As Chairwoman of the House Subcommittee on Cybersecurity, Information Technology, and Government Innovation, Mace has led congressional hearings on UAPs (also known as UFOs) and government transparency.[65] In a July 2023 hearing, Mace questioned David Grusch, a former senior intelligence official and lead UAP analyst for the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency about recovered nonhuman craft and biological remains.[66][67]

In a November 2024 hearing, Mace criticized the Pentagon's All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) for being "unable, or perhaps unwilling, to bring forward the truth about the government's activities concerning UAPs" and questioned why the government maintains such secrecy if there is "no big deal and there's nothing there."[68]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Political positions

Abortion and contraception

Mace has supported efforts to ban abortion. In 2021, she cosponsored the Life at Conception Act, which would recognize a fertilized egg as a person with equal protections under the 14th Amendment and establish a nationwide abortion ban.[73][74] Describing herself as "staunchly pro-life", she has also criticized abortion bans enacted in some states and called for Republicans to be more moderate on the issue,[75] and said she would only support legislation that "has exceptions of rape or incest and the life of the mother".[76] Expounding on her views, she stated: "The vast majority of people want some sort of gestational limits, ... not at nine months, but somewhere in the middle. They want exceptions for rape and incest. They want women to have access to birth control. These are all very common-sense positions that we can take and still be pro-life."[77] Mace has voiced support for gestational limits of 15 to 20 weeks.[78]

In 2021, Mace was among a handful of Republican representatives who did not sign onto an amicus brief to overturn Roe v. Wade.[79] She criticized states enacting abortion bans without exceptions in the wake of the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade in 2022. In an interview on Face the Nation, she said she disagreed with the recently passed abortion ban in Florida, which was signed into law by Governor Ron DeSantis: "Signing a six-week ban that puts women who are victims of rape and girls who are victims of incest and in a hard spot isn't the way to change hearts and minds. It's not compassionate. The requirements [DeSantis] has for rape victims are too much, not something that I support. It's a non-starter. I am a victim of rape. I was raped by a classmate at the age of 16. I am very wary, and the devil is always in the details, but we've got to show more care and concern and compassion for women who've been raped. I don't like that this bill was signed in the dead of night".[80]

In June 2021, Mace was one of 26 Republicans to vote for the Equal Access to Contraception for Veterans Act.[81] In January 2023, Mace introduced the Standing with Moms Act, which would create a website, life.gov, that would link women to crisis pregnancy centers (non-profits established by anti-abortion groups primarily to persuade pregnant women not to have an abortion).[82]

Washington, D.C. statehood

In April 2021, Mace voiced her opposition to a Democratic proposal to grant the District of Columbia statehood. She argued that Washington, D.C. was too small to qualify as a state, saying, "D.C. wouldn't even qualify as a singular congressional district." She made this statement alongside Liz Cheney, who represented Wyoming's at-large congressional district, which has a smaller population than Washington, D.C.[83][84][85]

Debt ceiling

On May 31, 2023, Mace was among 71 House Republicans who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 to raise the debt ceiling.[86] Mace was one of three Republican members of the Problem Solvers Caucus who voted against raising the debt ceiling that day. Two days later she appeared on Steve Bannon's podcast to claim, "the American people were spoon-fed a bed of lies" regarding the measure.[87]

Foreign policy

In June 2021, Mace was one of 49 House Republicans to vote to repeal the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002.[88][89]

During the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, Mace wrote an article opposing military intervention in the conflict.[90]

Mace speaks with Mark Milley in 2023

Mace voted for H.R. 7691, the Additional Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, which would provide $40 billion in emergency aid to the Ukrainian government.[91][better source needed] However, she voted against Ukraine aid the following year.[92]

In 2023, Mace was among 47 Republicans to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21, which directed President Joe Biden to remove U.S. troops from Syria within 180 days.[93][94]

In 2023, Mace was among 52 Republicans who voted in favor H.Con.Res. 30, which would remove American troops from Somalia.[95][96]

In 2023, Mace voted for a ban on a Center of Excellence in Ukraine that enhances NATO activities.[97][better source needed]

Healthcare

During her 2014 U.S. Senate campaign, Mace said "We must use any means possible to repeal, defund, and ultimately stop Obamacare" because it will "suffocate individual liberty and further stifle economic growth".[10]

Kamala Harris

On August 15, 2024, Nancy Mace received nationally circulated criticism for repeatedly mispronouncing Vice President and Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris' name after initially pronouncing her name correctly.[98][99][100] After saying "Kamala" correctly, Mace began to mispronounce the name and, when corrected by other CNN panelists, Mace claimed "I will say Kamala's name any way that I want to."[101][102]

Kevin McCarthy

Mace was one of eight Republicans that voted for the removal of Kevin McCarthy as Speaker of the House and the only one of those eight not considered a far-right politician by a 538 analysis of the 118th Congress. She fell in the "Compromise Conservatives" cluster instead, which the analysis noted tended to vote against hard-right messaging amendments but oppose bipartisan spending bills.[103] Mace said she voted to vacate McCarthy out of distrust.[104]

LGBTQ rights

In 2021, the Washington Examiner wrote that Mace "is a supporter of both religious liberty and gay marriage."[105] Later that year, she told the Examiner, "I strongly support LGBTQ rights and equality. No one should be discriminated against." She opposed the Equality Act, instead co-sponsoring a Republican alternative called the Fairness for All Act.[106]

Mace was one of 31 Republicans to vote for the LGBTQ Business Equal Credit Enforcement and Investment Act.[107] Mace was the lone Republican to sponsor H.R.5776 - Serving Our LGBTQ Veterans Act, legislation establishing a Center for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Veterans within the Department of Veterans Affairs. Among other functions, the center must serve as the department's principal adviser on adoption and implementation of policies and programs affecting veterans who are LGBTQ.[108]

In July 2022, Mace was among 47 Republican representatives who voted in favor of the Respect for Marriage Act, which protects existing same-sex and interracial marriages under federal law.[109] She later said, "If gay couples want to be as happily or miserably married as straight couples, more power to them. Trust me, I've tried it more than once."[110]

Bathroom bill in Congress

See also: Bathroom bill

On November 18, 2024, Mace introduced a resolution to ban transgender people from using bathrooms other than those of their sex assigned at birth at the U.S. Capitol, in anticipation of the swearing in of Sarah McBride, who is the first trans person elected to Congress.[111][112] Mace described McBride as a "biological man trying to force himself into women's spaces" and as a "guy in a skirt”, later following this up by saying “It’s offensive that a man in a skirt thinks that he’s my equal”.[111][113] She confirmed that McBride was "absolutely" the target of her bathroom resolution.[114] Talking to Leland Vittert, Mace announced that she will "fight like hell" to exclude McBride from women's restrooms on the Capitol.[115] Mace's 2024 House resolution would prevent McBride from using "single-sex facilities". H. RES. 1579 entitled, "Prohibiting Members, officers, and employees of the House from using single-sex facilities other than those corresponding to their biological sex, and for other purposes."[116][117] Mary Miller and Matt Rosendale co-sponsored her bathroom resolution.[118] Two days later, Mace announced a new expanded House resolution to ban "Biological Men from Women's Spaces on All Federal Property."[119]

Liz Cheney

Mace opposed the first attempt to remove Liz Cheney as chair of the House Republican Conference, saying, "We should not be silencing voices of dissent. That is one of the reasons we are in this today, is that we have allowed QAnon conspiracy theorists to lead us."[120] In early May, Mace appeared at fundraiser events with Cheney. During the second attempt to remove Cheney as chair, however, Mace voted to remove her.[121]

Marijuana legalization

Mace speaking in support of the States Reform Act to legalize cannabis at the federal level in 2021

In 2021, Mace introduced the States Reform Act to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act and regulate it similarly to alcohol.[122] She said: "This bill supports veterans, law enforcement, farmers, businesses, those with serious illnesses, and it is good for criminal justice reform. ... The States Reform Act takes special care to keep Americans and their children safe while ending federal interference with state cannabis laws."[123]

Steve Bannon

On October 21, 2021, Mace was one of nine House Republicans who voted to hold Steve Bannon in contempt of Congress for defying a subpoena to appear before the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack. Explaining her vote, Mace said she was being "consistent" and wanted to retain the exercise of "the power to subpoena" in the event that Republicans regained control of the House of Representatives in 2022.[124]

Personal life

Mace's first marriage was to Chris Niemiec, a lawyer and JAG Corps officer in the United States Air Force Reserve.[125] After they divorced, Mace married Curtis Jackson, with whom she had two children. They divorced in 2019.[126] Mace became engaged to Patrick Bryant in 2022, but the couple broke up in 2023.[127][128] She reportedly broke off the engagement after finding Bryant on a dating app.[129][130]

Mace resides on Daniel Island in Charleston, South Carolina.[131] On June 1, 2021, the Charleston Police Department opened an investigation after Mace's home was vandalized with profanity, three anarchy symbols, and graffiti in support of the PRO Act.[132]

Mace is non-denominational Protestant.[133] She has attended Seacoast Church, a South Carolina-based megachurch.[134] In July 2023, Mace joked about skipping morning sex with her fiancé for a prayer breakfast.[135][136]

Electoral history

2014 United States Senate Republican primary election in South Carolina
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Lindsey Graham (incumbent) 178,833 56.42%
Republican Lee Bright 48,904 15.53%
Republican Richard Cash 26,325 8.30%
Republican Det Bowers 23,172 7.31%
Republican Nancy Mace 19,634 6.19%
Republican Bill Connor 16,912 5.34%
Republican Benjamin Dunn 3,209 1.01%
Total votes 316,989 100.00%
South Carolina State House District 99 Republican primary, 2017 (special)[137]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace* 1,290 49.5%
Republican Mark Smith* 714 27.4%
Republican Shawn Pinkston 373 14.3%
Republican Jarrod Brooks 228 8.8%
Total votes 2,605 100.%
South Carolina State House District 99 Republican primary runoff, 2017 (special)[138]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace 1,695 62.6%
Republican Mark Smith 1,012 37.4%
Total votes 2,707 100.0%
South Carolina House District 99 special election, 2018
South Carolina State House District 99 election, 2018 (special)[139]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace 2,066 56.6%
Democratic Cindy Boatwright 1,587 43.4%
Total votes 3,653 100.0%
Republican hold
Nancy Mace vs. Jen Gibson, general election in South Carolina 99th House District on November 6, 2018
South Carolina State House District 99 general election, 2018
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace 8,778 62.2%
Democratic Jen Gibson 4,640 35.8%
Working Families Jen Gibson 278 2.0%
Total votes 14,106 100.0%
Republican hold
[140]
South Carolina's 1st congressional district, Republican primary 2020
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace 48,411 57.48%
Republican Kathy Landing 21,835 25.92%
Republican Chris Cox 8,179 9.71%
Republican Brad Mole 5,800 6.89%
South Carolina's 1st congressional district, 2020[141]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace 216,042 50.6%
Democratic Joe Cunningham (incumbent) 210,627 49.3%
Write-in 442 0.1%
Total votes 427,111 100.0%
Republican gain from Democratic
South Carolina's 1st congressional district, Republican primary results, 2022
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace (incumbent) 39,470 53.14%
Republican Katie Arrington 33,589 45.22%
Republican Lynz Piper-Loomis 1,221 1.64%
Total votes 74,280 100%
2022 South Carolina's 1st congressional district election
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace (incumbent) 153,757 56.39%
Democratic Annie Andrews 115,796 42.47%
Alliance Joseph Oddo 2,634 0.97%
Write-in 494 0.18%
Total votes 272,681 100.00%
South Carolina's 1st congressional district, Republican primary results, 2024
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace (incumbent) 28,280 56.8
Republican Catherine Templeton 14,838 29.8
Republican Bill Young 6,687 13.4
Total votes 49,805 100.0
2024 South Carolina's 1st congressional district election[142]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Nancy Mace (incumbent) 227,235 58.3
Democratic Michael Moore 162,330 41.7
Total votes 389,565 100.0
Republican hold

See also

References

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  82. ^ "Rep. Mace Reintroduces Standing with Mom's Act Alongside Senator Marco Rubio". January 26, 2023.
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  104. ^ "Rep. Nancy Mace defends vote to oust Kevin McCarthy: 'I owe nobody in D.C. Anything'". October 4, 2023.
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  107. ^ Bellamy-Walker, Tat (June 28, 2021). "House Passes LGBTQ Small Business Loan Data Collection Bill". Gay City News.
  108. ^ "H.R.5776 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Serving Our LGBTQ Veterans Act". March 30, 2022.
  109. ^ Lai, Stephanie (July 19, 2022). "House Passes Same-Sex Marriage Bill Amid Concern About Court Reversal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
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  114. ^ Matza, Max. "Republican lawmaker moves to bar trans colleague from women's bathrooms". BBC. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
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  119. ^ Mace, Nancy (November 20, 2024). "Rep. Nancy Mace Doubles Down on Ban for Biological Men from Women's Spaces on All Federal Property". mace.house.gov. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nancy Mace.
South Carolina House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives
from the 99th district
2018–2020 		Succeeded by
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st congressional district
2021–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
317th 		Succeeded by
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