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Blood Brothers (musical)

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Blood Brothers
20th Anniversary London Poster
MusicWilly Russell
LyricsWilly Russell
BookWilly Russell
Setting1950s-1980s Liverpool, England
Productions1983 West End
1993 Broadway
Several UK tours
1994 US tour
2015 Sydney
International productions
2019 UK Tour
2022-25 UK Tour
AwardsOlivier Award for Best New Musical

Blood Brothers is a musical with book, lyrics, and music by Willy Russell and produced by Bill Kenwright. The story is a contemporary nature versus nurture plot, revolving around fraternal twins Mickey and Eddie, who were separated at birth, one subsequently being raised in a wealthy family, the other in a poor family. The different environments take the twins to opposite ends of the social spectrum, one becoming a councillor, and the other unemployed and in prison. They both fall in love with the same girl, causing a rift in their friendship and leading to the tragic death of both brothers. Russell says that his work was based on a one-act play that he read as a child "about two babies switched at birth ... it became the seed for Blood Brothers."[1]

Originally developed as a high school play in Liverpool, Blood Brothers debuted in Liverpool before Russell transferred it to the West End for a short run in 1983. The musical won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Musical and went on to a year-long national tour before returning for a revival in the West End in 1988 where it stayed at the Albery Theatre for 3 years, transferring to the Phoenix Theatre in 1991. The revival ran for more than 24 years in the West End, and played more than 10,000 performances, becoming the third longest-running musical production in West End history. It finally closed in November 2012. The musical has been produced with success on tour, on Broadway and elsewhere, and it has developed a cult following.[2] Blood Brothers is often taught as one of the prescribed plays of GCSE English Literature in English schools.

Production history

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Original production

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Willy Russell originally wrote and presented Blood Brothers as a school play first performed at Fazakerley Comprehensive School, Liverpool, in November 1981, in conjunction with Merseyside Young People's Theatre (MYPT; now operating as Fuse: New Theatre For Young People).[3] He then wrote a score and developed the musical for a production at the Liverpool Playhouse, opening on 8 January 1983, starring Barbara Dickson (Mrs. Johnstone), Andrew Schofield (narrator), George Costigan (Mickey) and Andrew C. Wadsworth (Eddie).[4] It was only a modest success. Nevertheless, the show transferred to London's West End on 11 April 1983 at the Lyric Theatre and ran until 22 October 1983, winning the Olivier Award for Best New Musical and another Olivier for Dickson's performance.[5] This was followed by a 1984 UK tour.[4]

1988–2012 West End

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Blood Brothers year-long national tour beginning in 1987, produced by Bill Kenwright (and directed by Kenwright and Bob Tomson), starring Kiki Dee as Mrs Johnstone, Warwick Evans as the Narrator, Con O'Neill as Mickey and Robert Locke as Eddie, leading to a revival at the Albery Theatre (now the Noël Coward Theatre), directed by Tomson, with the same cast.[4] O'Neill won an Olivier Award for his performance, and Dee was nominated. It opened on 28 July 1988 and moved out of that theatre on 16 November 1991.[6] The musical transferred to the Phoenix Theatre on 21 November 1991, where it celebrated its 10th anniversary with a gala performance on 28 July 1998, featuring Lyn Paul as Mrs Johnstone, Keith Burns (Narrator) Andy Snowden (Mickey) & Mark Hutchinson (Eddie). The show closed its West End run on 10 November 2012. Due to close on 27 October, its run was extended by 2 weeks[7] with returning favourites in the closing cast, including Lyn Paul, original narrator Warwick Evans, Sean Jones as Mickey, Mark Michael Hutchinson as Eddie and Jan Graveson as Linda. It played more than 10,000 performances in London, making it the third longest-running musical to ever play in the West End.[8] The UK tour continued until 2013.[7] A new version has been released in 2022 with a new cast

The central role of Mrs. Johnstone has been played in various productions by, among others, Dee, Angela Richards, Barbara Dickson, Stephanie Lawrence, Debbie McGee, Clodagh Rodgers, Lyn Paul, Jane Rossington, Siobhan McCarthy, four of the Nolan sisters (Linda, Bernie, Denise and Maureen), Anneka Rice, Melanie C (making her West End debut and receiving an Olivier nomination in 2009),[9] Marti Webb, Vivienne Carlyle, Niki Evans,[10] Amy Robbins, Natasha Hamilton,[2] Helen Reddy,[11] Rebecca Storm, Carole King and Petula Clark. Stephanie Lawrence played the role more times than anyone else.[8] Mickey has been played by O'Neill, Russell Boulter, Stephen McGann, Paul Crosby, Antony Costa, Stefan Dennis, Andy Snowden, David Cassidy and Michael J. Cook among others. Notable actors to play Eddie include Hutchinson and Shaun Cassidy. Narrators include Evans, Carl Wayne, Adrian Zmed, David Soul and Marti Pellow. Alex Harland played the small role of the postman in more than 4,000 performances.[8]

Australian Production

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The inaugural Australian production of Blood Brothers premiered August 1988 at the York Theatre in Sydney where it ran for three months: the cast included Chrissy Amphlett as Mrs Johnstone, Bob Baines as the Narrator, Zoe Carides as Linda, Peter Cousens as Edward and Russell Crowe as Mickey.[12]

In 1994 a production of Blood Brothers directed by Bill Kenwright - who had overseen the play in the West End and on Broadway - ran in Melbourne and Sydney in the summer and fall having played dates in Wellington and Auckland NZ that spring: the cast included Stefan Dennis as Mickey, Delia Hannah as Mrs. Johnstone, and David Soul as the Narrator.

In 2013 Blood Brothers was produced by the Harvest Rain Theatre Company of Brisbane playing the Cremorne Theatre 3–17 August: directed by Tim O'Connor, the production featured Amanda Muggleton in the role of Mrs. Johnstone.[13] Muggleton had previously played Mrs. Johnstone in the Metcalfe Playhouse (Perth) production of Blood Brothers which ran 11 November – 4 December 2011.[14]

The Chapel Off Chapel venue in Prahran hosted a production of Blood Brothers from 19 March – 6 April 2014: the cast included Chelsea Plumley as Mrs. Johnstone and Peter Hardy and Glenda Linscott as the Lyons.[15]

In 2015 Enda Markey revived Blood Brothers for a 6 February – 15 March engagement at Hayes Theatre Co, reportedly affording the play its first professional production in Sydney since the September 1994 engagement of the play's New Zealand/Australian tour.[16] The play was produced by Enda Markey and directed by Andrew Pole with musical direction by Michael Tyack: the cast included Blake Bowden as Edward, Michael Cormick as the Narrator, Helen Dallimore as Mrs Johnstone, and Bobby Fox as Mickey.[17][18] The production went on to play for three weeks at the Alex Theatre, St Kilda, Melbourne, from 14 July 2015, with Josh Piterman taking over the role of Edward.[19]

Broadway and U.S. tour

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The Broadway production opened on 25 April 1993 at the Music Box Theatre and closed on 30 April 1995 after 840 performances. It was co-directed by Tomson and Kenwright. Several of the British actors made their Broadway debuts, including Stephanie Lawrence as Mrs. Johnstone, O'Neill as Mickey, Graveson as Linda, Hutchinson as Eddie and Evans as the narrator. Barbara Walsh was Mrs Lyons, and Kerry Butler made her Broadway debut in the ensemble. To boost box office sales during the run, Kenwright persuaded Petula Clark to make her Broadway debut, replacing Lawrence as Mrs. Johnstone, with David Cassidy and Shaun Cassidy as her sons. The casting of the Cassidy half-brothers as the twins generated much publicity.[citation needed] The musical received Tony Award nominations for best musical, best book and best direction, and Lawrence (best actress), O'Neill (best actor) and Graveson (best featured actress) were all nominated for their performances in the original Broadway production.[20] Following Clark's portrayal, Mrs. Johnstone was played by other 1970s pop singers, with King and Reddy later playing the role on Broadway.[4]

Clark and David Cassidy also starred in the US national tour from 1994 to 1995.[21] Clark and the Cassidys also recorded the international cast album, with the musical's playwright, Willy Russell as the Narrator. Many of the cast members were also in the Canadian run, which starred David Cassidy, Michael Burgess and Canadian singer-songwriter Amy Sky.[citation needed]

South African adaptation

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David Kramer adapted and directed the South African version in 2012, which he set in District Six, a predominantly Coloured inner-city residential area in Cape Town during the Apartheid era, with black cast members. This was the first time that Willy Russell had allowed the musical to be adapted.[8][22]

Pokrvní bratia (Slovak)

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"Pokrvní bratia" - "Blood Brothers", adapted in the Czech-Slovak language - has been produced several times in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the inaugural production - adapted into Czech-Slovak by Alexandra Ruppeldtová - premiering in December 1993 at the Nová Scéna Theatre in Bratislava[23] and featuring Soňa Valentová in the role of Johnstonová [i.e. Mrs Johnstone].[24] "Pokrvní bratia" - newly adapted by Martin Fahrner - premiered at the East Bohemian Theatre [cs] in Pardubice in February 2001: a subsequent production of the Fahrner adaptation ran at the Slovácké Theatre [cs] in Uherské Hradiště from 1 October 2001 to 7 June 2002[25] followed by a production (also à la Farhner) at the J. K. Tyl Theatre in Plzeň which ran from 27 September 2003 to 9 June 2004 with Jitka Smutná [cs] and Stanislava Fořtová-Topinková [cs] alternating in the role of Johnstonová.[26] The premiere Prague engagement of "Pokrvní bratia" - introducing an adaptation by Adam Novák - inaugurated its Palác Blaník [cs] run 17 November 2004: this production would feature Daniela Šinkorová [cs] and Sisa Sklovská alternating in the role of Johnstonová.[27] "Pokrvní bratia" - as adapted by Fahner - was produced by the Liberec-based F. X. Šalda Theatre [cs] whose engagement premiered 23 March 2007: this production would encore in September 2008 as the inaugural production of the Heineken Tower Stage at Tower 115 in Bratislava, where the F. X. Šalda troupe performed "Pokrvní bratia" over three nights. Brno City Theatre revived the Novák adaptation for a production which premiered 2 June 2012 for a 25 performance run during which Hana Holišová and Markéta Sedláčková [cs] alternated in the role of Johnstonová.[28] The Ruppeldtová adaptation of "Pokrvní bratia" was produced at the Jonáš Záborský Theatre [cs] in Prešov for a fifteen performance run premiering 21 September 2012 over which Svetlana Janišová played the role of Johnstonová.[29] The Nová Scéna Theatre staged a revival of the Ruppeldtová adaptation of "Pokrvní bratia" with an 18 September 2015 premiere at the Nová Scéna Theatre with occasional performances til the end of October,[30] with an announced encore run scheduled to premiere 22 March 2017: Jana Lieskovská and Miroslava Partlová [cs], who alternated in the role of Johnstonová in the 2015 Nová Scéna revival,[31] are scheduled to reprise the role in the 2017 Nová Scéna encore production.[32]

Other international productions

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In addition to the above, the musical has also been produced in various theatres in Europe, Argentina, Mexico, Japan, Korea, Israel, and Canada.[citation needed] The Youth Action Theatre presented the musical in the USSR at Kyiv's Palace of Culture in May 1989.[33]

Plot

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Act One

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The play opens in the early 1980s, at the ending of the story. Mrs. Johnstone, surrounded by others, including Mr. and Mrs. Lyons, and the Narrator, is standing over the bodies of Mickey and Eddie and sings “Tell Me It’s Not True” (“Overture”). The Narrator introduces the “story of the Johnstone twins” to the audience and the play then flashes back to the late 1950s.

30-year old Mrs. Johnstone lives in the Victorian inner-city slums of Liverpool. She describes her whirlwind romance with her husband, who, once attracted to her because of how she looked "like Marilyn Monroe," lost interest in her after multiple pregnancies and weight gain, and eventually left her for a younger, more attractive woman. Now a single mother, she discovers she's pregnant yet again ("Marilyn Monroe").

Heavily in debt and unable to support her seven children alone, Mrs. Johnstone takes a job as a cleaner for a local upper-middle-class couple, Richard and Jennifer Lyons. While talking with Mrs. Lyons, she mentions she's found out she's carrying twins, but can only afford to raise one more child. Mrs. Lyons, desperate for a baby but unable to conceive, suggests she give one of the babies to her ("My Child"). Mrs. Johnstone reluctantly agrees and is made to swear on the Bible to keep to the deal.

Mrs. Johnstone has the twins, and names the two children Michael (known as Mickey throughout the play) and Edward, but then regrets having agreed to give one away ("Easy Terms"). After keeping her deal with Mrs. Lyons, she returns home with baby Michael and lies to her older children, saying that the other baby died.

Mrs. Johnstone continues to work for the Lyons family, but Mrs. Lyons begins to feels she's too attached to Edward. She fires her, causing Mrs. Johnstone to demand her son back. Mrs. Lyons manipulates her into backing down by playing on her superstitious nature, telling her that "if twins separated at birth learn that they were once one of a pair, they will both immediately die" ("Shoes Upon the Table").

Years later, a seven-year-old Mickey meets Edward by chance. After learning that they share the same birthday, the two boys make a pact to become blood brothers, with Mickey nicknaming Edward "Eddie." Mrs. Johnstone finds them and sends Eddie away, fearing they'll find out they're twins. Later in the day, Mickey goes to Eddie's house, but Mrs. Lyons throws him out when she realizes that he's Edward's twin.

Mickey plays with some neighbourhood children, including his friend Linda ("Kids' Game"). Afterwards, Mickey takes her to see Eddie, and the three of them sneak off to play. Mrs. Lyons worries about Eddie's whereabouts ("Gypsies in the Wood"). The three are caught attempting to throw stones through a window by a police officer, and escorted home.

Mrs. Lyons, worried about Eddie's friendship with Mickey, persuades her husband they should move. Eddie goes to Mrs. Johnstone's house to say goodbye to Mickey and she gives him a locket, which she claims contains a picture of herself and Mickey. Edward asks Mrs. Johnstone why she doesn't simply move away, causing her to dream about the seemingly impossible possibility of her moving away and beginning a new life ("Bright New Day (Preview)"). Mickey goes to visit Eddie but finds him gone ("Long Sunday Afternoon / My Friend").

During the early 1970s, the Johnstone family are moved from the condemned inner-city slums of Liverpool to a new council house in the nearby overspill town of Skelmersdale ("Bright New Day").

Act Two

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Act Two rejoins the twins when they are 14 years old, some time in the early-to-mid 1970s. The Johnstone family are enjoying a better life now they have moved to a new home and a new area, and they have not seen Eddie in all this time ("Marilyn Monroe 2"). Mickey has now developed a crush on Linda, who is obviously interested in him too, but Mickey does not know how to approach her and is embarrassed by her honesty to being attracted to him. During their journey to school Sammy, Mickey's older brother, pretends to be 14 to get a cheaper bus ticket. When he is confronted his violent nature becomes obvious; he swears violently at the driver, threatens him with a knife, steals some money and escapes.

Eddie is suspended from his boarding school for refusing to give up his locket to a teacher. Meanwhile, Mickey refuses to pay attention or co-operate during a class in his school, insulting the teacher, and is suspended. Linda is also suspended for defending him. When he returns home, Eddie refuses to tell Mrs. Lyons about the locket's contents, and when she takes it and sees the picture inside she panics, and immediately assumes it is a picture of Eddie. She grows paranoid, having once thought she had buried the past by moving away, and questions Mrs. Johnstone's presence in their lives ("The Devil's Got Your Number"). Eddie and Mickey, now teenage and insecure, both reminisce over their blood brother status, and after seeing each other but not realising they are seeing their blood brother, think about how they wish they had the qualities the other guy has ("That Guy"). After Mickey and Linda walk through a field in the countryside surrounding Skelmersdale, where Linda expresses her frustration at how Mickey has not yet asked her out, Mickey and Eddie meet by chance once again, revealing that the Lyons family moved close to Skelmersdale (where the Johnstone family now live) and they discover that they live near each other. Eddie gives Mickey humorously inexperienced advice on how to talk to Linda, and invites him to watch a pornographic film with him to "see how it's done".

An increasingly mentally deranged and paranoid Mrs. Lyons further questions whether she is truly free from Mrs. Johnstone ("Shoes Upon The Table (Reprise)") as Mickey asks his mother for money to see a film while reintroducing Eddie. After she realises it is a pornographic film, the three have a humorous moment, before Mrs. Johnstone gives them the money and they leave. Mrs Lyons, by this point clearly mentally ill, discovers Mrs. Johnstone's house and confronts her, believing that she followed her after they moved. After she admits that she “never made him [Eddie] mine”, she offers to pay off Mrs. Johnstone again. After Mrs. Johnstone stands her ground and declares she will not be paid off again, stating that she has made a good life for herself, an enraged Mrs. Lyons attempts to attack Mrs. Johnstone with a knife, but a now strong-willed Mrs. Johnstone fights back and kicks her out, with Mrs. Lyons fleeing in terror. Mrs. Lyons continues to deteriorate into insanity and it is implied that she has developed a reputation for madness. (“Mad Woman On A Hill”).

Mickey, Eddie, and Linda spend each summer as teens together, taking the play to the end of the 1970s, when an 18-year-old Eddie reveals to Linda that he is leaving for university in Liverpool the following day, but has not told her or Mickey. Linda reveals that Mickey still hasn't asked her out, prompting Eddie to tell her what he would say to her if he were Mickey. Secretly, he is revealing his true feelings but has not acted on them out of respect for Mickey ("I'm Not Saying A Word"). Eddie leaves for university in Liverpool, but not before encouraging Mickey to ask Linda out.

During Eddie's absence, Linda gets pregnant, and she and Mickey quickly marry and move in with Mrs Johnstone. Mickey is then made redundant from his factory job due to the recession of the early 1980s, which hits Merseyside particularly hard, and Mickey joins thousands of other Merseysiders on the dole shortly before Christmas (“Take A Letter, Miss Jones"). Eddie returns at Christmas ready to party and have fun, but Mickey realises that they are now very different; after a small argument, they part. Mickey is persuaded to assist his brother Sammy, who now engages in criminal acts, in a robbery, to earn money to support Linda and their baby daughter Sarah. The robbery goes bad, and Mickey becomes an accessory to a murder committed by Sammy. He is sentenced to seven years in prison, and the incident destroys Mickey mentally.

In prison, Mickey is diagnosed as chronically depressed. When released early for good behaviour, he is still dependent on anti-depressants. He becomes withdrawn and turns away from Linda ("Marilyn Monroe 3"). Linda, unable to get Mickey off the anti-depressants, contacts Eddie, who is now a local councillor, who gets them their own house in Liverpool and Mickey a job ("Light Romance"), taking the focus of the play back to Liverpool. Linda worries about Mickey and continues to meet up with Eddie. A mentally ill Mrs. Lyons, now seemingly wanting to get back at Mrs. Johnstone in any way possible, even if it involves possibly being harmful to Eddie, sees Eddie and Linda together and tells Mickey about it, suggesting that the two are having an affair. Distraught over Eddie and Linda's 'affair,' Mickey grabs the gun that Sammy hid before he got arrested and storms down to the council offices to confront Eddie ("Madman"), who is giving a speech as Mickey storms in with the gun. Mickey asks why Eddie would take away the one good thing that Mickey had – Linda. Eddie denies this intention, and the police enter, demanding that Mickey put the gun down. After being informed by Linda of the incident, Mrs. Johnstone runs in and, in an attempt to stop Mickey from shooting Eddie, tells the two brothers the truth. Mickey furiously despairs that he was not the one given away, because then he could have had the life given to Eddie. Enraged, Mickey gestures with the gun toward Eddie and accidentally pulls the trigger. The gun fires, killing Eddie, with the police then shooting and killing Mickey.

As Mrs. Lyons had suggested all those years earlier, the superstition that the two brothers would die if they discovered the truth has finally materialised, and the narrator questions whether the differing backgrounds of the two boys was more to blame than superstition. ("Tell Me It's Not True").

Alternative ending

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In another version, Mickey has a fake gun. Mrs. Johnstone rushes to stop him and reveals the truth, which provokes Mrs. Lyons to attempt to shoot Mickey in order to keep her own child. Eddie jumps in and takes the bullet, and Mrs. Lyons shoots Mickey in rage. This version ends with the narrator's monologue.

Notable casts and characters

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Casts

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Character Original West End[34]

1983

Third U.K. Tour/West End Revival[35]

1987

Original Broadway Cast[36]

1993

U.S Tour[37]

1994

Wigan, England[38]

2015

Second U.K. Tour

2019

The Narrator Andrew Schofield Warwick Evans Mark McGrath Michael Cormick Robbie Scotcher
Mrs. Johnstone Barbara Dickson Kiki Dee Stephanie Lawrence Petula Clark Helen Dallimore Lyn Paul
Mrs. Jennifer Lyons Wendy Murray Joanne Zorian Barbara Walsh Priscilla Quinby Bronwyn Mulcahy Paula Tappenden
Edward 'Eddie' Lyons Andrew C. Wadsworth Robert Locke Mark Michael Hutchinson Tif Luckenbill Blake Bowden Joel Benedict
Michael 'Mickey' Johnstone George Costigan Con O'Neill David Cassidy Bobby Fox Alexander Patmore
Sammy Johnstone Peter Christian Richard Croxford James Clow John Kozeluh Jamie Kristian Danny Taylor
Linda Amanda York Annette Ekblom Jan Graveson Yvette Lawrence Christy Sullivan Danielle Corlass
Mr. Richard Lyons Alan Leith Jeffrey Gear Ivar Brogger Walter Hudson Matt Edwards Tim Churchill

Notable Replacements

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Sean Jones has played 'Mickey Johnstone' numerous times on both the UK tours and in London's West End. As of August 2023 he is still playing the role on the current UK tour.

Singer Nikki Evans has played Mrs. Johnstone in the 2023 UK tour.

In 2012, Melanie C of the Spice Girls played Mrs. Johnstone in the West End production.

When Blood Brothers tours Ireland the lead role of Mrs Johnstone is played by Rebecca Storm.

Characters

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  • The Narrator, who throughout the play breaks the fourth wall to help the story progress and act as a moral compass.
  • Mrs Johnstone, the Lyons' cleaner who single-handedly supports her seven (later eight) children.
  • Mrs Jennifer Lyons, the employer of Mrs Johnstone. Mrs Lyons convinces Mrs Johnstone to give her one of her twin sons to raise as her own.
  • Edward 'Eddie' Lyons, Mickey's twin brother who was given away by Mrs Johnstone, and brought up by Mrs Lyons; he becomes blood brothers with Mickey (his actual brother).
  • Michael 'Mickey' Johnstone, the youngest Johnstone child who is kept by his mother; he becomes blood brothers with Eddie (his actual brother).
  • Sammy Johnstone, the elder brother of Mickey, who fell out of a window as a child resulting in having a metal plate in his head and commits many crimes
  • Linda, a childhood friend of Mickey and Eddie and later Mickey's wife.
  • Mr Richard Lyons, Mrs Lyons's husband, who is unaware of Edward's true parentage.
  • Miss Jones, Mr Lyons's secretary, who, after initially firing all of the workers, is fired from the firm herself as a result of the 1970s recession.
  • Donna Marie Johnstone, one of the elder Johnstone children, who was looking after Sammy when they were little and he fell out of a window; by Act II, she is married with three children.
  • Darren Wayne Johnstone, the eldest Johnstone child.

Musical numbers

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Recordings

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Awards and nominations

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Original London production

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Year Award Ceremony Category Nominee Result
1983 Laurence Olivier Award Best New Musical Won
Best Actress in a Musical Barbara Dickson Won

1988 London revival

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Year. Award Ceremony Category Nominee Result
1988 Laurence Olivier Award Best Actor in a Musical Con O'Neill Won
1988 Best Actress in a Musical Kiki Dee Nominated
2010 Laurence Olivier Award Best Actress in a Musical Melanie C Nominated

Original Broadway production

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Year Award Ceremony Category Nominee Result
1993 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actor in a Musical Con O'Neill Nominated
Outstanding Featured Actor in a Musical Mark Michael Hutchinson Won
Tony Award Best Musical Nominated
Best Book of a Musical Willy Russell Nominated
Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical Con O'Neill Nominated
Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical Stephanie Lawrence Nominated
Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical Jan Graveson Nominated
Best Direction of a Musical Bill Kenwright and Bob Tomson Nominated

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Willy Russell: 'I want to talk about things that matter'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Blood Brothers celebrates 22nd Birthday". Westendtheatre.com, accessed 17 December 2010
  3. ^ "Willy Russell:Blood Brothers". Willyrussell.com. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d "Willy Russell Archive Catalogue Blood Brothers – Musical", Liverpool John Moores University libraries, 2012
  5. ^ London Theatre Guide (2008). "The Laurence Olivier Awards: Full List of Winners 1976–2008" (PDF). The Society of London Theatre. Retrieved 30 August 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Natasha Hamilton 'Mrs Johnstone' in Blood Brothers 24 Jan" Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine londontheatre.co.uk. London Theatre Guide, 5 November 2010
  7. ^ a b "Warwick Evans, Lyn Paul and Mark Hutchinson back in Blood Brothers" westend.broadwayworld.com, 27 October 2012
  8. ^ a b c d Ellacott, Vivyan. "London Musicals 2012" Archived 20 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Over the Footlights, pp. 20–24
  9. ^ "Melanie C on her Olivier nomination". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  10. ^ Cole, Simon."X Factor's Niki Evans Joining 'Blood Brothers' Tour" whatsonstage.com, 25 May 2010
  11. ^ "Blood Brothers at Birmingham Hippodrome". The Birmingham Magazine. Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  12. ^ "AusStage". Ausstage.edu.au. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  13. ^ "Blood Brothers: A musical for people who don't usually like musicals | Features". aussietheatre.com.au. 2 August 2013.
  14. ^ "Russell in her blood". Outinperth.com. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  15. ^ "New Intimate Blood Brothers for Melbourne". Stagewhispers.com.au.
  16. ^ Blake, Elissa (14 August 2014). "Pitch perfect: From Rocky Horror to Miracle City, musical theatre is staging a comeback". Smh.com.au.
  17. ^ "Home". Bloodbrothersthemusical.com.au. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  18. ^ "Blood Brothers back in Sydney after 20 years: Hayes Threatre Co to stage London's third longest-running show next month". The Daily Telegraph. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  19. ^ "Fox tackles gritty role in Blood Brothers". Heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Blood Brothers Broadway" Playbill (vault), accessed 4 December 2019
  21. ^ Blood Brothers Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at PetulaClark.net
  22. ^ "Blood Brothers adapted for South Africa". Artslink.co.za. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  23. ^ "divadlo2-08.indd" (PDF). Sav.dk. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  24. ^ "Slovenské národné divadlo". Snd.sk.
  25. ^ "Pokrevní bratři". Slovackedivadlo.cz.
  26. ^ "Pokrevní bratři". Vis.idu.cz. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  27. ^ "Pokrevní bratři odstartovali". Musicalnet.cz. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  28. ^ "Pokrevní bratři - Městské divadlo Brno". I-divadlo.cz. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Vypäté emócie v muzikáli Pokrvní bratia v novom prešovskom naštudovaní - Divadlá a recenzie - Divadelný ústav Bratislava". Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
  30. ^ "Divadlo Nová scéna, Bratislava - Domov - muzikálové divadlo". Nova-scena.sk. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  31. ^ "Muzikál Pokrvní bratia otvorí sezónu Novej scény | Aktuálne.sk". Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
  32. ^ "Divadlo Nová scéna, Bratislava - Domov - muzikálové divadlo". Nova-scena.sk. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  33. ^ "Blood Brothers (Tour) (1989)". www.yat.org.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  34. ^ "Blood Brothers Original West End Cast - 1983 West End". www.broadwayworld.com. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  35. ^ "Blood Brothers 1988 London Cast by Willy Russell". Genius. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  36. ^ "Blood Brothers – Broadway Musical – Original | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  37. ^ "Blood Brothers – Broadway Musical – Tour | IBDB". www.ibdb.com. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  38. ^ "Cast & Creatives". Blood Brothers. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  39. ^ Russell, Willy. Blood Brothers. London: Samuel French, 1985. 1-36.
  40. ^ Russell, Willy. Blood Brothers. London: Samuel French, 1985. 37-70.
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